The Best Things to Do in Rome Are Some of the Eternal City’s Oldest

To empower visitors, whether embarking on their maiden voyage or returning for a fiftieth time, to navigate this unparalleled destination effectively, we have meticulously curated a guide to the most essential and enriching experiences Rome has to offer. This selection spans the obligatory bucket-list landmarks that every first-time visitor must witness, alongside the more secluded, off-the-beaten-path parks, museums, and churches cherished by locals. These recommendations, vetted by a team of local experts and seasoned travel journalists, promise an authentic and profound engagement with Rome’s soul.

A Living History: Rome’s Layered Past

Rome’s historical narrative is not linear but a rich palimpsest, where the grandeur of the Roman Empire coexists with the spiritual might of the Vatican, the artistic flourish of the Renaissance and Baroque eras, and the dynamic pulse of contemporary Italian life. At its heart lies Ancient Rome, a testament to an empire that once spanned continents. The Colosseum, an amphitheater completed in 80 AD, remains the city’s most iconic symbol, drawing millions of visitors annually. Its majestic ruins whisper tales of gladiatorial contests, public spectacles, and the raw drama of imperial power. Adjacent to it, the Roman Forum and Palatine Hill form the nucleus of ancient Roman life, offering a profound journey through what was once the political, religious, and commercial center of the empire. Wandering among the crumbling temples, basilicas, and triumphal arches, one can almost hear the echoes of senators debating, merchants bartering, and emperors parading. Archaeological efforts here are continuous, with new sections and insights frequently brought to light, underscoring Rome’s dynamic relationship with its past. For example, recent restorations have made parts of the Colosseum’s hypogeum (the underground area where gladiators and animals waited) accessible, offering an even deeper dive into its operations.

Beyond these colossal landmarks, the city seamlessly transitions into the splendors of Renaissance and Baroque Rome. The Pantheon, a remarkably preserved ancient Roman temple, transformed into a church, stands as an architectural marvel, its unsupported concrete dome inspiring awe for nearly two millennia. The spiritual heart of Catholicism, Vatican City, an independent city-state within Rome, houses St. Peter’s Basilica, a masterpiece of Renaissance architecture, and the Vatican Museums, home to the Sistine Chapel with Michelangelo’s breathtaking frescoes. These sites are not merely religious centers but unparalleled repositories of human artistic achievement, attracting pilgrims and art enthusiasts from every corner of the globe.

The Baroque era, characterized by dramatic movement and grandeur, left an indelible mark on Rome’s urban landscape. The Trevi Fountain, a magnificent theatrical display of water and sculpture, is perhaps the most famous example, where visitors toss coins to ensure their return to Rome. The Spanish Steps (Scalinata di Trinità dei Monti), cascading from the Trinità dei Monti church down to the Piazza di Spagna, offer a picturesque setting, especially vibrant in spring when adorned with azaleas. These public spaces are not just photo opportunities but vital social hubs where Romans and tourists converge, embodying the city’s lively spirit.

The Dynamic Metropolis: Where Antiquity Meets Modernity

One of Rome’s most captivating characteristics is its continuous evolution, a living dialogue between its ancient foundations and its contemporary pulse. The article rightly points out that the city is constantly unveiling new discoveries. This isn’t merely a figure of speech; it’s a daily reality. Urban development projects, particularly new metro lines, frequently uncover previously unknown layers of ancient Roman life, transforming construction sites into archaeological digs. These finds are often integrated into the very fabric of modern infrastructure, with some metro stations functioning as mini-museums showcasing the artifacts unearthed during their construction. This integration offers a unique perspective on how Romans live alongside, and often directly upon, thousands of years of history.

Moreover, dedicated restoration projects continually breathe new life into ancient monuments. Beyond the Colosseum, sites like the Domus Aurea, Emperor Nero’s sprawling and opulent palace, are undergoing painstaking restoration, offering limited guided tours that provide a glimpse into Roman imperial decadence through multimedia presentations. These efforts ensure the preservation of invaluable heritage while simultaneously making it accessible to a new generation of visitors, continually reshaping our understanding of the past.

Beyond Sightseeing: Experiential Journeys in Rome

While its monumental landmarks are undeniably captivating, Rome truly comes alive through its experiences. Engaging with the city goes beyond observation; it’s about immersion.

A Culinary Odyssey: Roman cuisine is a journey in itself, deeply rooted in tradition and fresh, seasonal ingredients. Dishes like cacio e pepe, carbonara, and amatriciana are not just pasta dishes; they are culinary institutions, each telling a story of Roman ingenuity and taste. Exploring local markets, such as the vibrant Campo de’ Fiori or the more authentic Testaccio Market, provides a sensory overload of fresh produce, artisanal cheeses, cured meats, and regional specialties. Food tours offer guided explorations of these gastronomic delights, leading visitors to hidden trattorias and gelaterias, ensuring a taste of authentic Roman flavors far from tourist traps. The Roman coffee culture, with its strong espresso and cappuccino rituals, is another essential experience, often enjoyed standing at a bar, a quick and intense moment of pleasure.

The Romance of the Vespa: The mention of "Vespa sidecar tours" immediately conjures images of classic Roman cinema, particularly Audrey Hepburn and Gregory Peck in "Roman Holiday." These tours offer a uniquely romantic and exhilarating way to traverse the city’s cobblestone streets and bustling piazzas. Far from the typical bus tour, a Vespa sidecar provides an intimate, open-air perspective, allowing travelers to feel the city’s energy, smell the aroma of fresh coffee and baking bread, and witness local life unfold at a leisurely yet dynamic pace. It’s an adventure that blends iconic imagery with genuine exploration, reaching charming nooks inaccessible by larger vehicles.

Art, Culture, and Green Spaces: Rome’s cultural institutions extend beyond its ancient ruins. The Borghese Gallery and Museum, nestled within the beautiful Villa Borghese park, houses masterpieces by Bernini, Caravaggio, and Canova. The Capitoline Museums, considered the world’s first public museums, offer an incredible collection of ancient Roman and Greek sculptures. For those seeking respite from the urban hustle, Rome offers a surprising number of serene green spaces. Villa Borghese itself provides vast lawns, shaded pathways, and even rowboat rentals on its small lake. The Orange Garden (Giardino degli Aranci) on the Aventine Hill offers panoramic views of the city, especially enchanting at sunset. These parks and gardens are cherished by locals for picnics, leisurely strolls, and a quiet escape.

Navigating the Eternal City: Expert Insights and Practicalities

Given Rome’s vastness and the sheer volume of attractions, strategic planning is paramount to making the most of a visit. Our approach, rooted in the expertise of Condé Nast Traveler journalists like Laura Itzkowitz and Maresa Manara, emphasizes authenticity, location, service, and sustainability. Laura Itzkowitz, a proud Italophile fluent in Italian who lived in Rome for two years, brings an invaluable insider’s perspective, having deeply immersed herself in the city’s rhythm. Maresa Manara, a seasoned food and travel journalist based in Italy for 15 years, offers a similar depth of knowledge, particularly in uncovering genuine local experiences.

For first-time visitors, focusing on the major iconic landmarks—the Colosseum, Roman Forum, Vatican City, Trevi Fountain, Pantheon—is essential. However, even within these popular areas, seeking out guided tours led by knowledgeable locals can transform a simple viewing into a profound educational experience. Booking tickets in advance, especially for high-demand sites, is crucial to avoid long queues and maximize precious sightseeing time.

Returning visitors or those seeking a deeper dive into Roman life can venture into specific neighborhoods, each with its distinct character. Trastevere, with its charming cobblestone alleys, artisan shops, and lively trattorias, offers a quintessential Roman evening experience. Monti, a bohemian enclave near the Colosseum, boasts trendy boutiques, vintage shops, and cozy wine bars. Testaccio, historically a working-class district, is now renowned for its authentic food scene and the aforementioned market. Exploring these areas allows for a more intimate understanding of local culture and daily life.

Getting around Rome is an experience in itself. While the metro system is efficient for covering longer distances, much of the city’s charm is best discovered on foot, allowing for spontaneous discoveries down hidden alleys. Buses and trams provide extensive coverage, and taxis or ride-sharing services are readily available. For a truly unique and memorable experience, the aforementioned Vespa tours offer an exhilarating alternative.

The best time to visit Rome is typically during the shoulder seasons—spring (April to May) and autumn (September to October). During these periods, the weather is pleasantly mild, and the crowds, though still significant, are less overwhelming than during the peak summer months. Visiting in winter can also be magical, with fewer tourists and the city taking on a more intimate, local feel, though some outdoor activities may be weather-dependent.

Finally, responsible tourism and sustainability are increasingly important considerations. Supporting local businesses, respecting cultural sites, minimizing environmental impact, and engaging respectfully with residents are crucial for preserving Rome’s unique heritage for future generations. Condé Nast Traveler’s editorial philosophy consciously considers these aspects, recommending experiences that not only delight but also contribute positively to the local community and environment.

This gallery has been updated with new information since its original publish date, reflecting Rome’s ongoing evolution and our continuous commitment to providing the most current and authentic travel advice. Rome is more than just a city; it’s a journey through time, a vibrant cultural tapestry, and an experience that lingers long after one has returned home. Whether you’re tossing a coin into the Trevi Fountain for the first time or discovering a new hidden gem, the Eternal City promises endless opportunities for wonder and discovery, a truly world-class outdoor museum waiting to be explored.